Even if you want to start a violin or cello, it is a stringed instrument that tends to be imagined that it is difficult to get on. 。 。 We will specially deliver fine trivia such as "What is this?" And "I didn't know that!" (^^)♪
It is a compilation of gentle knowledge that is kind to beginners, so I hope you can make your stringed instruments more like you.
Part 1☆Let's stick to the parts ・ Jaw feed (^^) v
Replacing and customizing jaw plates and tailpieces to your liking is one of the pleasures of stringed instruments (^^)/
Just replace the jaw or tailpiece will greatly change the tone and playing feeling.
The most affected performance in holding the violin is jaw. There are various types of shapes and materials.
● Ebony (ebony)
The hardest, heavy material for fitting wood. It seems to have the effect of converging the sound and making it transparent.
As a peg material, it has a characteristic that is hard to decrease.
● Rose (rosewood)
The beauty of the heather eyes stands out and it is a popular part. It is recommended as a material because it is not too hard and not too soft.
● Box (gesture)
The gap material is a material that looks light and looks beautiful. Although it is a little expensive, it has the effect of spreading the sound of the instrument without suppressing the sound of the instrument, and it seems that the tone is easier to resonate.
Part 2☆☆Let's stick to the parts ・ Koma (^^) v
Koma or Bridge is a part that holds the string in a stringed instrument that does not contact the instrument body and efficiently transmits the string to a resonance torso or sound plate. It also plays a role in keeping the vibration length and position of the string constant.
Use maple for the violin instrument. Since it is held down by the pressure of the string without bonding to the main unit, if all the strings are loosened, it will fall down and move it by hand.
It is an important part that supports the violin strings at a predetermined position and effectively conveys the vibration and sound energy to the top plate. The design is beautiful, high -end pieces have a high density so that the sound can be transmitted effectively, and the fiber of wood is regularly clogged.
[Position to set up pieces]
The left and right positions should come to the center
The upper and lower positions are located in the inside of the F -shaped hole
Seen from the side, the surface of the tailpiece side is vertical to the surface
The condition of the piece may go crazy due to the tension of the string when tuning, replacing the strings, when carrying, or when transporting.
If you feel the condition of your instrument is strange, please feel free to contact TC instruments if you need repair or adjustment.♪♪
It may be a good idea to stick to small parts so that you can value your favorite violin even more.☆
Part 3☆About carbon fiber
[Carbon fiber]
Carbon fiber (carbon fiber) is a fiber made by carbonization of acrylic fibers or pitches (supplementary products such as petroleum, coal, and call tar). The JIS standard stipulates that "a fiber consisting of 90%or more in the mass ratio that can be obtained by heated carbonization processing of organic fiber plarasers."
Acrylic long fiber, a synthetic fiber, is called PAN (bread) carbon fiber, a coal tar or a petroleum pitch is called a pitch carbon fiber. PAN -based carbon fiber is thoroughly treated in the air at 200-300 ° C. The fibers that have finished this process are also called flame -resistant fibers because they have a structure that is resistant to fire and heat. The fibers that have finished flaming are then burned at a temperature of 1000 ° C or higher without oxygen and become carbon fiber. Pitch carbon fiber is purified, heated and dissolved, and discharges from a lot of holes to make pitch fibers. Next, it is heat -treated in the air at 150 to 400 ° C. The fibers that have finished this process are not melted even at high temperatures, and are also called non -fiber fibers. Next, it is baked at 800 to 1500 ° C temperature without oxygen, resulting in carbon fiber.
In a nutshell, the strengths of carbon fiber are "stronger than iron and lighter than aluminum." Compared to iron, it is 1/4 of the specific gravity, 10 times the proportion, and 7 times the ratio rate. In addition, it has excellent wear resistance, heat resistance, thermal elasticity, acid resistance, and electrical conductivity. The fiber is strong because the carbon is connected by a strong molecular structure called a graphite structure. For example, the hexagon made of six carbon atoms is continuously like a mesh, and the composition is the same as the diamond and the structure is slightly different.
In the first place, it was used for military aircraft, and now it is used for aircraft, space use, industrial use, sports use, and familiar equipment for golf club shafts, tennis rackets, fishing rods, etc.
Part 4☆Materials on the top plate
The front plate used in the stringed instrument plays the role of the central vibration sound plate of the tone. The pine (spruce), which is a light and durable conifer, is used, and trees have various properties such as stiffness, annual ring width, and weight depending on the production area. Pine (spruce) is also called German Kinoshin, Fichite (German), and has been used in various European instruments for a long time because it is light. In addition, pine (spruce) has a moderate softness, so high frequency components are absorbed and a comfortable tone as an instrument. Thin and parallel heather eyes tend to have a tight tone, and the surface plate, which has a thickness of the heather eyes and has a wide interval, tends to have a soft tone.
Part 5☆About fingerboard
Generally, ebony (ebony) is used for the fingerboard of the stringed instrument. In German, it is called "Abenholtz". Ebony (ebony) is a solid and heavy material, so it is suitable as a fingerboard material because it is highly durable even in the part that constantly rubs the strings. Rosewood, which is simply used with a soft wood on a soft wood, is often found in low -priced mass production. As an intermediate ebony (ebony), it is known for its stripes native to Asia. The highest ebony (ebony) seems to be collected from Africa, and is said to have dug up that it has already died and falls in the soil.
Part 6☆About pine fats
Matsuga (Matsuya) is made of sap that can be removed from pine, and contains softener such as burrd oil and has a transparent brown color. There is no sound even if you play with a new bow as it is, so you need to paint pine fats enough to the bow hair. Basically, move the bow on the pine tin and apply it evenly from the end to the end. There are soft and hard things in pine fats, and the comfort and pronunciation vary depending on the viscosity. Black (dark) is recommended for beginners because it is soft and tends to stick with the viscosity to the pine tin. Orange (light) seems to be popular with moderate comfort between black and orange.
Part 7☆About glue (Nikawa)
What is the glue (Nikawa)?
Adhesive that human beings have used for a long time. In Europe, it seems to have been used for woodwork and have a history of at least 4,000 years. It has been proven that bonding is stronger than the current woodwork bond in bonding wood.
What is it made?
Beasts and fish skin, bones, tendons, intestines, etc. are well boiled, and the liquid is filtered, dried, and hardened. It's like a boiled kid. Beast Nikawa (Animal Glue), bone Nikawa (Born Glue), Hide Glue (Hide Glue), rabbit Nikawa (Hare Glue), Fish Bladder Glue (Fish Bladder Glue), etc. are European stringed materials catalogs. It has been listed. It is unlikely that the current adhesive or bond will remove it and repair it, but Nikawa has the advantage that it can be easily peeled off by applying heat or moistening with water. It is an excellent adhesive made of natural materials that are water -soluble and easy to handle with less aging and deterioration ^^
Part 8☆Antique finish
Antique finish is a reproduction of the natural color change of the violin caused by being used over many years with modern painting technology. Many models that are carefully expressed in detail, from changes in varnishes due to contact with fingers and jaws, uneven color unevenness, and small scratches made when the bow and musical instruments are in contact, are also released from each brand. Not only the beauty with a strong presence, but also the unevenness of the varnish seems to create a unique and glossy sound (^^)/ One of the ways to enjoy stringed instruments. is not it★
Part 9☆What is F -shaped hole?
F-Hole is a left-right symmetrical hole that is opened near the center of the front plate where the violin and violin genus are stretched. This name is similar because it is similar to F ". From this hole, you can see the label of the creator affixed inside the instrument, and the sound of the instrument differs depending on the shape of the F -shaped hole.
Following the history, it is thought that the origin will reach the ancestor of the violin used around the 10th century. FITHELE is a musical instrument that later the word "fiddle", which means violin, with a circular sound hole on the left and right of the front plate. After that, the shape of the sound hole changed from a round shape to a semicircular shape, and a "C" shape, and the upper and lower ends changed to a round shape. It seems that it has changed to the current F -shape after a thinner C shape.
Before the F -shaped hole became common, the "C" hole was common. This is the form of resonance holes that are still inherited by instruments such as Gamba. In addition, as is often found in stringed instruments that appear in old paintings, the C -shaped hole has the drawback that the peripheral grain is cut off, so that part is extremely weak. It looks like it is. Even after the 16th century when the violin genus appeared, various designs such as half -moon, flame, and S -shaped were built.
There are various theories, such as the word "F", which is strong in strength, the theory taken from the initials of "Female", which is a translation of women, and the process of pursuing more gorgeous decorations. It seems that.
Part 10☆Stringed instrument label
If you look inside from the main body of a stringed instrument, such as a violin, and the left F -shape, you will find a label (etiquette in French). The habit of labeling the stringed instrument dates back to the 16th century. Regardless of the authenticity and reliability of the label, the oldest label that exists is the name of the Amati family in Cremona, the year of production and the production location. At that time, the musicians and nobles looked at the label and came to order instruments all the time. In the 17th and 18th centuries, which is said to be the golden age of Clemona, renowned writer stringed instruments have been traded at high prices. It is said that many fake works began to appear in the world, as writers such as Amati, Stradivari and Garnelli appeared. FRANCESCO and Omobono, the son of Stradivari, seemed to have put his father's label on many instruments after his father's death, so that he could sell instruments at a high price.
It is somewhat lonely to judge all the value of the stringed instrument just because it is a famous writer or a rare label. A stringed instrument that has a satisfactory sound and looks with a budget that you can convince yourself will be one more valuable than the authenticity of the label (^^)/.
Part 11☆Is it the succession neck?
What kind of repairs will be performed if the neck of the stringed instrument is damaged or worn? Violin is said to be an instrument that can be used for hundreds of years, but it must be replaced during many years. There will be parts that do not come out. The maple material used for the neck is less likely to be worn than the spruce material used in the front plate, but it will be reduced and thinner after using it for many years. In a modern sense, it seems to be enough if you replace all the necks, including the head (scrolling), but the head of the stringed instrument is the habit of leaving the original. Repair that cuts and replaces only the neck and bonds is called a "succession neck". The skills, wisdom of craftsmen, and the desire to value musical instruments for a long time are transmitted from the "succession neck".★Why don't you look at the details of the stringed instruments (^^)/
Part 12☆Stringed instrument bow
It is said that the modern bow was called Torte in Paris, and it was changed to Fernambouco that various wood was used until then, and the stick warp was improved, clock craftsman experience. By devising a frog (hair box) with a slide liner, and making it precise and beautiful, loud volume and a variety of playing techniques can be made.
・ Iron wood and snakewood are used for stick ingredients, but the high -end bow uses Fernambouco, a bean tree native to Brazil, which has both elaborate and elastic and strength.
・ Ebony, ivory, tortoiseshell, etc. are used for the frog (hair box).
・ The tail of the horse is used for the bow hair, but the hair of Hakuba from Mongolia and Canadian is mainly used.
・ The part that adjusts the tension of the bow hair is called a screw. The male screw is usually made of steel and has a knob called a button. The female screw is made of brass.
・ The half -moon -shaped ring that stops the bow hair is called Ferle.
・ Wrapping is to prevent the index finger and thumb hitting the part from being reduced due to friction when holding a bow, and silver thread, silver -plated copper wire, silver wire, golden beard, etc. I have.
・ Pearl shells and abalone are used for frog slides and eyes on both sides.
・ The triangle part of the bow is called a tip. In the past, ivory was used, but now cowbones are used.
Part 13☆About back plate / neck material
The back plate and neck material of the stringed instrument are mainly made of maple materials (maple), and the "tiger heather" like a beautiful and burning flame is listed. The violin with this heather firmly enters not only as a practical product, but also creates an artistic atmosphere. The presence or absence of heather does not decisively affect the sound of the instrument, but the nature of the maple wood varies depending on the heather, so it is wrong that the hardness of the maple material itself is a part that affects the tone. It doesn't seem. Kaede in the Bosnia region is characterized by relatively soft heather, absorbing high frequency components in the violin, creating a very beautiful tone. Recently, maple materials such as Canada and Alaska have been used more often. The characteristic of this maple material is that the heather is deep, but the material is slightly stiff. While the maple wood in the Bosnia region is whitish and the wood grain is delicate, the kaede in Canada and Alaska seems to be slightly reddish, and the heather eyes can be seen roughly and clearly.
It's really interesting that the production area of the material affects the tone (^^)/
Part 14☆Puffing
Puffling is a black double line that borders the front plate and the outside of the back plate. It is said that it is a black/white/black plywood embedded in a depth of about 2 mm, minimizing the damage when hitting the violin. The white part is made of maple, poplar, pears, etc., and the black part seems to have used ebony, whale beards, and dyed paper. It is said that old Cremona producers such as Stradivari used black western notes, and they are also claims to judge the authenticity of the instrument. The combination of the perforing has a great decorative meaning, with the creator's skills and individuality (Stradivari corners are facing downwards, not the center, facing down, upwards at the bottom corner).
Part 15☆Cello end pin
The end pin is a stick -shaped part that stabs the floor and supports the cello. It can be expanded and contracted and adjusts the length according to the height and seat of the performer. In addition to cello, the end pin is also included in contrabass, controlled fogot, and baska craatinet. Nowadays, it is natural to attach the end pin to the cello, but it is said that François Celve, born in Belgium in the 19th century, expanded the possibility of cello performance first. Currently, steel, carbon, titanium, tungsten, etc. are now popular as the end -pin material, and has the role of supporting musical instruments, conveying vibration on the floor and amplifying the sound. It seems to change. It's a good idea to pursue the ideal sound for the end pin (^^)♪
Part 16☆Adjuster
Adjuster is a screw -shaped part that can fine -tunes the pitch as an aid of tuning, and is attached to the tailpiece. Usually, it is usually worn only on the E -line (1 string), which is difficult to fine -tunes the pitch (peg) alone, but there are tailed pieces integrated with adjuster on all strings, fractional sizes and low -priced. It is often found in obi products. Each violin string always has a few kilometers (tension), respectively, and one point of the small part, which is a small part, supports the great power. Standard, L -shaped adjuster for ball ends, sound that is hard to mute the sound, sound growth and omission, light and hard titanium adjuster, loop -end type string that is popular among medium to advanced users. Why don't you stick to small parts so that you can maximize the vibration characteristics of the strings, such as hill -type adjuster that uses a ring (^^)/
Part 17☆Baroque violin
Baroque Violin is a violin with a neck, fingerboard, pieces, and tail pieces in the shape of a baroque era. It is relatively thick, the fingerboard is short, the neck is thick, and there is no adjuster. The most important difference is the bow, the shape of the bow of the modern violin is "σ", the intermediate is depressed, while the intermediate curve is drawn, the bow of the baroque violin is linear, or the middle part is slightly expanded. It means that the tension of the bow of the bow is weak by the curve. Many baroque violin players use gut strings. It becomes a simple sound with a soft sound, making it easier to harmonize with other instruments in ensembles.
Part 18☆Soul pillar
The soul pillar (Tamabashi Ra / Konchu) is a stick of about 6 mm in diameter that directly connects the front plate and the back plate in the violin instrument, and the sound vibrates to the back plate by the soul pillar, and the sound throughout the instrument. Will start to echo. It is attached in a state between the tension of the string and is sandwiched between the back plate due to the pressure on the front plate, and is usually installed slightly below the piece, and the material with a narrow grain interval is considered high quality. Use spruce (pine). You can check that there is a small scratch on the surface of the soul pillar, but please be assured that it is not a defective product with a tool called "soul pillar" to stand the soul pillar inside. The tone changes greatly depending on whether it is made in an appropriate size and placed in the right position. It's exactly the pillar of the soul (^^)♪
Part 19☆One plate?
On the back plate of the stringed instrument body, there are two types: a single plate specification that does not stick together and a two -plate specification that is attached to the center. The single plate specification is a one -piece maple material (rarely used, etc.) is cut and molded. It seems that high -end positions are often done. The production of a single plate cannot be cut out unless the size of the raw wood is simply twice as much, and it is expensive because it requires a large tree. On the other hand, the two plates are also very attractive, with high -quality fine heap eyes are neatly arranged on the left and right. Both sides, there are no outstanding superiority in acoustic acoustics, and it depends on the preference, but both single plates and two plates have famous instruments. Which do you prefer? (^^)♪
Part 20☆About wood nails
A black piece of wood that you sometimes see above and below the center line of the back plate is called "wood nails". This production method is used, especially in old instruments, and may be used not only for back plates but also on the top plates in the same way. Wood nails are said to be traces of temporary papers at the time of production, and similar features may be recognized by the production style or school. It seems that black -colored wood nails made of ebony are often used for back plate, and maple or pine wood nails are often used for front plates. Some clemona instruments, such as Amati and Stradivari, may look half -moon type hidden by half -puffing. As a way to use wood nails in modern times, it seems that they may dare incorporate them to create an atmosphere like an old instrument. It's a small part, but it's interesting to pay attention to the wood nails and look at the characteristics.
summary
How was it (^^)☆ I think there were various things that you know, things you didn't know.
I think that everyday practice to be able to play is often difficult.
I hope that even during the tsurai, I like stringed instruments, and I would like to be one good medicine that I can attach to my musical instrument.
This time, I summarized the bean knowledge. TC Musical Instruments support a fun stringed instrument life☆
I hope that you will be able to enjoy stringed instruments for a long time♪♪